Skip to content

Psychology Academy

Emotional Manipulation & Awareness

How to recognise repeated patterns of pressure, control, invalidation and exploitative behaviour.

Articles in this cluster

Article9 min read

Why it's so hard to leave: intermittent reinforcement, sunk costs and the 'trauma bond'

"Why don't they just leave?" is the wrong question, and psychology has known why for decades. Three well-studied mechanisms — unpredictable reward, accumulated investment, and attachment under power imbalance — make staying feel compulsory even when leaving is clearly right. Understanding them is the beginning of loosening their grip.

Strong research base
Read article